02/18/24
By Rebecca Herman McBrayer

American – Bourbon is considered America’s only native spirit, and it originated in the late 1700s. During the Civil war, bourbon was used as currency due to ease of transport. By the end of the Civil War, there were over 4,000 bourbon distilleries in the USA.

What’s in a name? – There are several theories on how Bourbon got its name; however, the most common thoughts are that it is derived from the French Bourbon dynasty, from Bourbon County in Kentucky, or perhaps Bourbon Street in New Orleans.

“All bourbon is whiskey but not all whiskey is bourbon.”

Whiskey (generic) must be made from cereal grains, distilled below 190 proof, placed into an oak container, and bottled at a minimum of 80 proof.

To be Bourbon, additional requirements must be satisfied, and this is in accordance with Title 27 of the US Code of Federal Regulations (CFR). This was further acknowledged by the US Congress May 4, 1964, when it declared Bourbon a “distinctive product of the United States.”

Bourbon Requirements include that it must be made in the USA with a mashbill that contains at least 51% corn. It must be distilled at a maximum of 160 proof (80% ABV).  It then must be placed into a new, charred oak container at a maximum of 125 proof (62.5% ABV). In addition, it must be free from added substances (except water) and bottled at a minimum of 80 proof (40% ABV).

Straight bourbon whiskey is a subcategory of bourbon whiskey that has been aged for at least two years in new, charred oak barrels and doesn’t contain any additives. If aged less than four years, the label must include an age statement.

To add “Kentucky” to the label, it must be aged for at least one year in the state of Kentucky.

Common Taste Profiles for Bourbon

Taste influences: Bourbon can have a wide range of aromas and tastes. It is thought that 70-75% of the flavor is derived from the barrel and taste is also influenced by how long it remains in the barrel and the temperature of where the barrel was stored. Another source of the flavor is the mashbill and the specific grains because the use of rye versus wheat will derive a different profile. The yeast strain used in fermentation also influences the taste profile.

Common tastes identified: The most common flavor note from bourbon is a sweetness, often vanilla and caramel. Notes of wood are prevalent as well and that might include oak, almonds, and pecans. Sometimes there are spicy flavors such as pepper, nutmeg, and cinnamon. Other times fruit and floral flavors emerge such as apple, pear, cherry, figs, raisins, dates, and rose. Naturally, the grains used will be part of the flavors identified and that might be corn, rye, wheat, barely, etc.

As you can see, the flavor combinations are endless and can be quite complex. It is also important to note that you can have five people in a room, tasting the same bourbon, and they might each identify different things and that is OK! Our nose, personal palates, and even learned experiences and memories all influence what we taste. This is what makes bourbon such an interesting drink and how it can generate a lot of conversation between friends.